1 Keterangan Waktu Present Perfect Tense: Just, Already, Yet, Before, Still, Since, For. Keterangan waktu yang pertama ini adalah kelompok kata yang menjadi ciri pola Present Perfect Tense, terutama kata just, already, yet. Yuk kita pahami bagaimana penggunaan setiap kata keterangan dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris. JUST. At Present : Saat ini - At the Moment : saat ini; Past Continous - At this time yesterday - At 8 O'clock yesterday - At the same time yesterday - Yesterday morning ; Future Continous - At the same time tomorrow/at this time tomorrow - At 9 O;clock tomorrow - Tomorrow morning Kardimin M. Hum 2007: 313 explains that Present Perfect Tense is an action or state occurring today and have completed in the same day. Universitas Sumatera Utara Formula = Suject + HaveHas + Verb III + Object Where, Have is used for I, we, they, you Has is used for he, she, it Examples: I have studied. We have sung together. She has seen this movie three times. TimeSignal untuk Kalimat Simple Past Tense. Beberapa penunjuk waktu (Time Signals) yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk menyusun kalimat simple past adalah: yesterday (kemarin) last week (minggu lalu) last year (tahun lalu) a month ago (sebulan yang lalu) this morning (tadi pagi) yesterday morning (kemarin pagi) TimeSignal Present Perfect Tense. By next week = menjelang minggu depan. For three hours/ minutes/etc/ by the time you go (somewhere) by the time you do (something) 10 Signal Words For The Present Perfect Tense - Youtube Signal words tell you what tense to use. Time signal present perfect tense. 60sFP. The present perfect tense is an English verb tense used for past actions that are related to or continue into the present. It’s easily recognized by the auxiliary verbs or helper verbs have and has, as in, “I have gone fishing since I was a child.” Of all the English verb tenses, the present perfect is one of the most complicated because there’s not always a direct translation in other languages. So in this guide, we explain everything you need to know to use it perfectly, including how and when to use it, with plenty of present perfect tense examples. What is present perfect tense? The present perfect tense is one of the common verb tenses in English, used to show an action that happened in the past that is directly related to the present, such as actions that are still continuing or that indicate a change over time. We cover a complete list of when to use the present perfect tense below. Don’t let the name confuse you—even though the word present is there, the present perfect tense deals with actions that happened or started in the past. In fact, the present perfect tense is often used interchangeably with the simple past tense, although there are some special situations in which you can only use one or the other, also explained below. How do you use the present perfect tense? In the present perfect tense, the main verbs always use the auxiliary verbs helper verbs has or have. The main verb takes a participle form, specifically the past participle. The past participle is often the same form as the simple past form of the verb, unless it’s an irregular verb, which each have their own unique past participle form. We explain in more detail how to form them in our guide to participles. Only the auxiliary verbs are conjugated to fit the subject-verb agreement in the present perfect tense; the past participle of the main verb remains the same no matter what the subject is. Generally, you use have for all subjects except the singular third-person, which instead uses has. First-person I have come a long way. Second person You have come a long way. Third-person plural They have come a long way. Third-person singular He/she/it has come a long way. The present perfect tense has specific constructions for standard statements, negatives, and questions, explained below. We also discuss how to use the present perfect tense with adverbs and with the passive voice. The present perfect tense for statements For general statements, the most common use of the present perfect, use have or has plus the past participle form of the main verb. [have/has] + [past participle] Charlotte has become friends with Wilbur. We’ve broken up before, but this time feels different. The present perfect tense for negatives To use the present perfect tense in the negative, simply add the negative word like not or never after the auxiliary verb but before the past participle. [have/has] + [negative] + [past participle] I have not slept well since exams started. My Midwestern friend has never seen the ocean. This construction works for neither, nor sentences, too. It’s 11 in the morning, and she has neither eaten breakfast nor gotten dressed. Please note that it’s clearest to avoid contractions when using the present perfect tense with the negative, at least in American English. The present perfect tense for questions When asking a question in the present perfect tense, the auxiliary verb comes first, followed by the subject, and then the past participle of the main verb. This follows a similar construction as questions with the auxiliary verb do, which also comes before the subject. [have/has] + [subject] + [past participle] Have you eaten dinner yet? Has the party started? How to use the present perfect tense with adverbs Although you can still use adverbs after the verb as you do normally, with the present perfect tense you can also place the adverb between the auxiliary verb and the past participle. [have/has] + [adverb] + [past participle] They have gradually advanced their career from cashier to senior manager. All the guests have already arrived. Be careful, though. Certain adverbs—especially yet and just—have special rules for where they’re placed. Moreover, because these adverbs relate to time, they’re often used together with the present perfect tense. The adverb yet, used often with a negative or in questions, almost always comes at the end of a sentence or clause. Sadly, he hasn’t finished the race yet. Have you finished your homework yet? Conversely, the adverb just is always placed between the auxiliary verb and the past participle. I’ve just woken up. Their plane has just landed. How to use the present perfect tense in the passive voice When discussing writing, we often talk about the active vs. passive voice. Although we recommend using the active voice as much as possible, sometimes the passive voice is unavoidable. To use the present perfect tense in the passive voice, use been the past participle of the verb be before the past participle of the main verb. [have/has] + [been] + [past participle] She has been given an award. You have just been handed a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. How to use the present perfect continuous tense You can also combine the present perfect tense with the present continuous tense to show an ongoing action that started in the past and continues to the present. This hybrid tense is called the present perfect continuous tense. The construction is similar to using the present perfect tense in the passive voice, except that the main verb uses the present participle instead of the past participle. [have/has] + [been] + [present participle] She has been seeing a physical therapist since her surgery. It has been raining all day. Like all continuous tenses, the present perfect continuous tense can not be used with stative verbs like want, need, love, or hate. Here’s a tip You don’t have to guess whether you’re using certain words correctly or breaking grammar rules in your writing. Just copy and paste your writing to check your grammar and get instant feedback on grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mistakes you might have missed. 6 examples of when to use the present perfect tense Knowing when to use the present perfect tense is an important part of English grammar, but it can be confusing even for primary English speakers. Below, we explain the six main uses of the present perfect tense, including examples. 1 An ongoing action that started in the past, but has not yet been completed This is the main usage of the present perfect tense, which demonstrates the relationship between an action started in the past and its effects on the present. The professor has taught here for two decades. They have played piano since the age of three. Note that you can also use the present perfect continuous tense for this situation, as long as the action has not been completed yet and it’s not a stative verb. The difference between the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense, in this case, is emphasis The present perfect tense emphasizes the effects or consequences of the action. The present perfect continuous tense emphasizes the action itself or the length of time. So, for example, if you want to plainly say where you live, use the normal present perfect tense. I’ve lived in Lagos my whole life. If you want to emphasize how long you’ve been living in a place, use the present perfect continuous tense. I’ve been living in Lagos my whole life. What about an action started in the past that has already been completed? For that, you can use the simple past. She worked there for five years but was fired last week. 2 A series of the same action completed multiple times in the past, likely to happen again in the future When the same action has happened a few times already, you can use the present perfect tense if the action will likely happen again in the future. If the action probably won’t happen again, you can use the simple past tense. I’ve seen the movie six times! [probably will see it again] I saw the movie six times! [probably will not see it again] 3 An action that was completed very recently often used with just or now If an action was only completed very recently, you can describe it with the present perfect tense. Even though the action happened in the past, it was so recent that it’s directly connected to the present. These cases usually use adverbs like just or now to show that the action happened not long ago. I shouldn’t eat anymore because I’ve just brushed my teeth. We’ve finished practice now, so let’s go home. 4 A change over time The present perfect tense is often used to emphasize a change that happened over an extended period of time. My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago. Thanks to the many months of playing, I have become an expert at Wordle. 5 An uncompleted action that is expected to be finished in the negative If an action started in the past but was not completed, you can describe it with the present perfect tense if it’s likely to be completed in the future. This situation uses the negative form to show that the action is still unfinished and often uses the adverb yet. The jury has not reached a verdict yet. I haven’t finished my paper, but it’s due in an hour! 6 To add significance to a completed action Last, you can use the present perfect tense to make any past action sound more important. The present perfect tense is often used with great achievements or accomplishments, as well as dramatic or rare events. This makes it appropriate for newsworthy events or major life experiences. Macbeth has killed the king. I’ve met the love of my life! When not to use the present perfect tense Now that you know when to use the present perfect tense, let’s talk about when to avoid it. A lot of times, the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense is a matter of emphasis or whether or not the action is truly finished. However, there’s one rule in particular that should be mentioned Do not use the present perfect tense with a specific time. This might be confusing, however, because you can use the present perfect tense with a broad time period. The present perfect tense is only incorrect if used with one specific time. Using the present perfect tense with a general time range is perfectly acceptable. Present perfect tense FAQs What is the present perfect tense? The present perfect tense is an English verb tense used to describe a past action that is related to the present. How does the present perfect tense work? The present perfect tense uses the auxiliary verb has or have and the past participle form of the main verb. For example, if you want to use go in the present perfect tense, you say, “I have gone.” When is the present perfect used? The present perfect tense is commonly used with events that started in the past and continue into the present. However, it has a few other uses too, including events that happened very recently in the past. Simple Present ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Describing routines, regular events or facts, feelings or states ‍Structure ‍ I/you/we/they + Infinitive he/she/it + Infinitive + s ‍Signal words ‍always, never, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes, usually, normally, regularly, etc. every day, every week, every month, … ‍Positive statement ‍I walk, she walks, they take, he takes ‍Negative statement ‍I don’t walk, she doesn’t walk, they don’t take, he doesn’t take ‍Question ‍Do I walk? Does she walk? Do they take? Does he take? Present Present Progressive ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Describing things that happen at the moment of speech or things that happen exceptionally; talking about a plan that happens in the near future ‍Structure ‍am/are/is simple present form of to be + Infinitive + ing ‍Signal words ‍at the moment, right now, just, now, at present, currently, Look! ‍Positive statement ‍I am walking, she is walking, they are taking, he is taking ‍Negative statement ‍I am not walking, she isn't walking, they aren't taking, he isn't taking ‍Question ‍Am I walking? Is she walking? Are they taking? Is he taking? Past Simple Past ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Talking about things that happened in the past and are completed or over at the moment of speech ‍Structure ‍ Regular verbs Infinitive + ed Irregular verbs simple past form ‍Signal words ‍yesterday, the other day, in 2009, when, at that time two days ago, a week ago, a month ago, … last night, last week, last month, … ‍Positive statement ‍I walked, she walked, they took, he took ‍Negative statement ‍I didn't walk, she didn't walk, they didn't take, he didn't take ‍Question ‍Did I walk? Did she walk? Did they take? Did he take? Past Past Progressive ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Describing actions or things that were in progress in the past, even if something else suddenly interrupted this progress ‍Structure ‍was/were simple past form of to be + Infinitive + ing ‍Signal words ‍while ‍Positive statement ‍I was walking, she was walking, they were taking, he was taking ‍Negative statement ‍I wasn't walking, she wasn't walking, they weren't taking, he wasn't taking ‍Question ‍Was I walking? Was she walking? Were they taking? Was he taking? Past Present Perfect Simple ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Emphasising the result of something, talking about things that happened at an unknown time in the past, describing things that happened in the past and are not yet completed or over at the moment of speech ‍Structure ‍have/has simple present form of to have + past participle ‍Signal words ‍since, for, already, yet, before, ever, never, still not, so far, just, up to now, recently, until now ‍Positive statement ‍I have walked, she has walked, they have taken, he has taken ‍Negative statement ‍I haven't walked, she hasn't walked, they haven't taken, he hasn't taken ‍Question ‍Have I walked? Has she walked? Have they taken? Has he taken? Past Present Perfect Progressive ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Emphasising the duration of something, describing things that started happening in the past and are still going on at the moment of speech and/or influence the present ‍Structure ‍have/has simple present form of to have + been + Infinitive + ing ‍Signal words ‍for, since, how long, all day, all day long, the whole day/week/month/year ‍Positive statement ‍I have been walking, she has been walking, they have been taking, he has been taking ‍Negative statement ‍I haven't been walking, she hasn't been walking, they haven't been taking, he hasn't been taking ‍Question ‍Have I been walking? Has she been walking? Have they been taking? Has he been taking? Past Past Perfect Simple ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Emphasising that something in the past stopped or was over when something else began, describing the fact that something happened before a certain time ‍Structure ‍had simple past form of to have + past participle ‍Signal words ‍already, until that day, never, just ‍Positive statement ‍I had walked, she had walked, they had taken, he had taken ‍Negative statement ‍I hadn't walked, she hadn't walked, they hadn't taken, he hadn't taken ‍Question ‍Had I walked? Had she walked? Had they taken? Had he taken? Past Past Perfect Progressive ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Emphasising the progress or duration of something, describing things that happened in the past and stopped or were over at a certain time later in the past ‍Structure ‍had simple past form of to have + been + Infinitive + ing ‍Signal words ‍for, since, how long, all day, after, before ‍Positive statement ‍I had been walking, she had been walking, they had been taking, he had been taking ‍Negative statement ‍I hadn't been walking, she hadn't been walking, they hadn't been taking, he hadn't been taking ‍Question ‍Had I been walking? Had she been walking? Had they been taking? Had he been taking? Future Will-Future ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Describing things that will certainly happen in the future, talking about expectations, hopes or assumptions, spontaneous decisions ‍Structure ‍will + Infinitive ‍Signal words ‍tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2021, expect, believe, hope, suppose, think, probably ‍Positive statement ‍I will walk, she will walk, they will take, he will take ‍Negative statement ‍I won't walk, she won't walk, they won't take, he won't take ‍Question ‍Will I walk? Will she walk? Will they take? Will he take? Future Going-to-Future ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Describing plans and aims in the future, implications, talking about things that will happen in the near future ‍Structure ‍am/are/is simple present form of to be + going to + Infinitive ‍Signal words ‍tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2011 ‍Positive statement ‍I am going to walk, she is going to walk, they are going to take, he is going to take ‍Negative statement ‍I am not going to walk, she isn't going to walk, they aren't going to take, he isn't going to take ‍Question ‍Am I going to walk? Is she going to walk? Are they going to take? Is he going to take? Future Future Progressive ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Describing things that will be in progress in the future, talking about things that usually happen in the future ‍Structure ‍will + be + Infinitive + ing ‍Signal words ‍tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2041 ‍Positive statement ‍I will be walking, she will be walking, they will be taking, he will be taking ‍Negative statement ‍I won't be walking, she won't be walking, they won't be taking, he won't be taking ‍Question ‍Will I be walking? Will she be walking? Will they be taking? Will he be taking? Future Future Perfect ‍ ‍‍Use ‍Talking about things that will be completed or over at a certain time in the future ‍Structure ‍will + have + past participle ‍Signal words ‍until, before by the end of the day, by the end of the week, by the end of the month, … ‍Positive statement ‍I will have walked, she will have walked, they will have taken, he will have taken ‍Negative statement ‍I won't have walked, she won't have walked, they won't have taken, he won't have taken ‍Question ‍Will I have walked? Will she have walked? Will they have taken? Will he have taken? Below you will find examples of sentences in the present perfect including the common signal words We have known each other since primary school. I have not seen him for ages. Have you already seen the new movie? She has not decided yet. In our first exercise you have to match the present perfect signal words with the sentences that they fit in best. For example "Would you like to see Batman Begins tomorrow?" – "No, I have ___ seen it!" "No, I have already seen it!" It is 12 o'clock and we have not eaten breakfast ___!"Have you heard the news?" – "Yes, Robert has _______ told me.""Have you ever been to New York?" – "No, I have ____ been to the United States at all.""Is Lisa here?" – "Yes, she has ____ arrived!"Tim used to be my best friend, but I have not seen him ____ 2005."Oh, Oreos! I haven't eaten them ___ years!" In the second exercise you will practise how to form the present perfect simple. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the words in brackets! Remember Form of "to have" + Past Participle! The third exercise is a little bit more difficult. You have to decide whether to use the simple past or the present perfect. If you are unsure, go back to the Simple Past page! I at 6 o'clock this morning!I am sorry, Ben already!Ben two hours Martha here? I her is interesting! I about that!We 10 years old when we first met. 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